Document Details
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Document Type |
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Article In Conference |
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Document Title |
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A Prospective Study ofHepatitis C Virus Infection in Hemodialisis Patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia دراسة تطلعية عن عدوى التهاب الكبد الفيروسي من النوع (ج) (Hepatitis ،C)لدى مرضى الغسيل الكلوي بجدة |
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Subject |
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medicine, dentistry and pharmacological sciences |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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HCV infection is significantly higher in hemodialysis patients in most
countries than in the general population(1). The rate of infection in some
countries may be relatively low, such as in the Netherlands (3%) and Belgium
(9.4 %), Intermediate, such as in Italy (22.5%) and Turkey (31.4%), or high
such as in Saudi Arabia (57%), Bulgaria (65.8%), and Egypt (80%). This is
contrasted with a much lower prevalence in the general population amounting
only to 0.1 % in the Netherlands, 0.9% in Belgium, 0.5% in Italy, 1.5% in
Turkey, and 1.8% in Saudi Arabia(1). Notably, such figures only give the
average prevalence, as large variations in the rate of infection can exist
between different hemodialysis centers in the same country.
The importance of studying the problem of hepatitis C in
hemodialysis centers in Saudi Arabia is indicated by the following reasons.
First, HCV infection is very common in some of the major centers in this
country (2-6). Second, HCV infection has grave consequences for the dialysis
patients, resulting in reduced survival(9.10). It may result in cirrhosis in about
10% of patients. It can adversely affect the survival of renal transplants in
previously infected recipients. HCV infection is also a major factor in mortality
after renal transplantation(9.11). Third, cross infection is recognized as the
main source of transmission of the virus(1). Finally, it is possible to reduce this
problem to a large extent by adherence to strict infection control measures
and vigilant monitoring of patient status.
The two types of tests most widely used for detection of HCV
infection are the ELISA anti HCV antibody test, which reflects the immune
response, and the viral RNA test as determined by the polymerase chain
reaction (PCR), which measures viremia. These tests differ in their sensitivity
and kinetics, making it important to give proper interpretation to the results of
each test depending on the particular setting in which it is used. The two
tests have been compared by several investigators (1,11.14). In general, a
significant delay is observed between the detection of HCV RNA to the
appearance of anti HCV. In one study this delay has been reported to be 6.9
~4.1 months15). In another study it was concluded that anti HCV antibodies
are not detectable for at least 6 weeks and may not appear for several
months(12). On the other hand, HCV RNA may often be found in the patients
serum within the first week after exposure(11). This early detection of infection
by testing for HCV RNA may have special implications in the hemodialysis
setting. Thus, serologic tests for anti HCV and abnormalities in liver function
assays can be negative despite the presence of viremia in these patients.
Bukh et a/. reported that 2.6% of dialysis patients in Norway who were seronegative
by second generation ELISA were positive for viral RNA by PCR7
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Lower figures were subsequently reported with third generation ELISA. Such
figures are expected to increase in proportion to a higher rate of HCV
transmission. This makes PCR testing a valuable addition to serology for the
monitoring of HCV infections in hemodialysis units(1).
Another reason why HCV RNA detection may be of particular
importance in the hemodialysis setting is the partial immuno-suppression in
these patients, resulting in an inadequate anti HCV response |
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Conference Name |
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the second annual meeting for scientific research |
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Duration |
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From : 27 محرم AH - To : 28 محرم AH
From : 30 مارس AD - To : 31 مارس AD |
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Publishing Year |
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1424 AH
2003 AD |
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Number Of Pages |
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12 |
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Article Type |
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Article |
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Added Date |
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Tuesday, January 13, 2009 |
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Researchers
| غازي جمجوم | Jamjoom, N/A | Investigator | | |
| أحمد الغامدي | AI-Ghamdi, N/A | Researcher | | |
| عديل شودري | Chaudhary, N/A | Researcher | | |
| عصام أزهر | Azhar, N/A | Researcher | | |
| سعيد الغامدي | AI-Ghamdi, N/A | Researcher | | |
| فيصل شاهين | Shaheen, N/A | Researcher | | |
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